常用紫外线杀菌照射剂量对照表，细菌、病毒、真菌、孢子等 Commonly used ultraviolet radiation dose control table, bacteria...

UVC主要应用主要包括水/空气/表面的消毒/净化、分析仪器（分光光度法、液相色谱、气相色谱等），矿物分析。UVC波段波长短，能量高，短时间内破坏微生物机体(细菌、病毒等病原体)细胞中分子结构，通过破坏微生物的DNA和RNA阻止其繁殖，可以实现高效快速的广谱杀菌效果，从而对水、空气和物体表面进行杀菌消毒，使细胞无法再生，因此广泛应用于如水、空气等的杀菌消毒。数据显示，仅以30 mW/cm2 的UVC紫外辐照强度，一秒钟即可对绝大部分细菌实现近乎100%的杀灭，效果非常显著，可广泛应用于医疗卫生领域。在个人健康和家庭卫生领域，紫外光可用于水杯碗筷消毒、空气净化除菌、杀灭瞒虫、鞋袜杀菌除臭、婴儿奶瓶消毒等，用武之地简直不可胜数。

The main applications of UVC include disinfection / purification of water / air / surface, analytical instruments (spectrophotometry, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, etc.), and mineral analysis. UVC band has short wavelength and high energy. It can destroy the molecular structure of microbial organism (bacteria, viruses and other pathogens) cells in a short time. By destroying the DNA and RNA of microorganisms to prevent their reproduction, it can achieve efficient and rapid broad-spectrum sterilization effect, so as to sterilize water, air and surface of objects, and make cells unable to regenerate. Therefore, it is widely used in sterilization of water and air Disinfection. The data show that UVC ultraviolet radiation intensity of 30 MW / cm2 can kill almost 100% of most bacteria in one second. The effect is very significant, which can be widely used in medical and health field. In the field of personal health and family health, ultraviolet light can be used for disinfection of water cups, bowls and chopsticks, air purification and sterilization, killing insects, sterilization and deodorization of shoes and socks, and disinfection of baby bottles, etc.

紫外杀菌效果

Ultraviolet germicidal efficacy

根据微生物种类不同，紫外杀菌时间和剂量也各不相同。不同的细菌种类对紫外线的吸收峰值不同。如 DNA、大肠杆菌的最大吸收波长均为265 nm，而隐孢子菌、噬菌体的最大吸收波长分别为261 nm和271 nm。因此所需的杀菌时间也应有所不同。当紫外辐射强度为 3×104 μW/cm2时，杀灭病毒及细菌、霉菌孢子、藻类 细菌所需时间分别为 0.1～1.0s，1.0～8.0s，5.0～40.0s。根据中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所专家董小平研究团队发现，强度大于90 μW/cm²的UVC照射冠状病毒，30分钟就可以杀灭SARS病毒。紫外线剂量在灭菌过程中起着至关重要的作用。紫外剂量可以表示为紫外线强度与照射时间的乘积。在紫外剂量充足的条件下，失活的病毒细菌不会复活，但剂量不足时，许多被紫外线照射失活的病毒细菌可通过光的协助作用修复自身被破坏的结构。在紫外剂量相同时，可采用高强度、短时间或低强度、长时间的照射方式，以达到杀菌目的。杀灭 1×104 个/mL 的螺旋杆菌，所需紫外剂量30 mJ/cm2左右，而杀灭同样数量的孢子，则需要70 mJ/cm2左右的紫外剂量。

The time and dose of UV sterilization are different according to the types of microorganisms. Different bacteria have different absorption peaks. For example, the maximum absorption wavelengths of DNA and Escherichia coli are 265 nm, while those of Cryptosporidium and bacteriophage are 261 nm and 271 nm respectively. Therefore, the required sterilization time should be different. When the UV radiation intensity was 3 × 104 μ w /cm2, the time needed to kill virus, bacteria, mould spores and algae bacteria was 0.1 ~ 1.0 s, 1.0 ~ 8.0 s, 5.0 ~ 40.0 s, respectively. According to the research team of Dong Xiaoping, an expert from the Institute for virus disease control and prevention of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and prevention, the SARS virus can be killed in 30 minutes by UVC irradiation with an intensity of more than 90 μ w / cm2.Ultraviolet dose plays an important role in the sterilization process. The UV dose can be expressed as the product of UV intensity and irradiation time. Under the condition of sufficient ultraviolet dose, the inactivated virus bacteria will not revive, but when the dose is insufficient, many virus bacteria which are inactivated by ultraviolet radiation can repair their damaged structures with the help of light. When the UV dose is the same, high intensity, short time or low intensity and long time irradiation can be used to achieve the purpose of sterilization. It takes about 30 MJ / cm2 to kill 1 × 104 cells / ml of spirobacillus, and 70 MJ / cm2 to kill the same number of spores.

常用紫外线杀菌照射剂量情况

Radiation dose of common ultraviolet sterilization