紫外线分类及杀菌原理Ultraviolet classification and sterilization principle

　　紫外线杀菌技术是基于现代防疫学、医学和光动力学的研究基础，利用专门设计的高效率、高强度和长寿命的UVC波段紫外光灯具来实现的。紫外线通过对微生物（细菌、病毒、芽孢等病原体）的辐射损伤和破坏核酸的功能，从而使微生物致死，达到消毒和杀菌的目的，灭活效果取决于紫外辐射剂量。

UV sterilization technology is based on the research foundation of modern epidemic prevention, medicine and photodynamic, using specially designed UVC band ultraviolet lamps with high efficiency, high intensity and long life. Ultraviolet radiation damages and destroys the function of nucleic acid to microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, spores and other pathogens) so as to kill microorganisms and achieve the purpose of disinfection and sterilization. The inactivation effect depends on the ultraviolet radiation dose.

　　微生物结构与紫外线灭活机理：Microbial structure and UV inactivation mechanism：

根据生物效应的不同，将紫外线按照波长划分为四个波段:

According to the different biological effects, ultraviolet rays are divided into four bands according to the wavelength：

紫外线的分类有 UVA、UVB、UVC和UVD。其中UVC因为波长较短，在大气中就已经被臭氧层给吸收、散射掉了，所以无法到达地面。UVB的波长居三者之中，波长仅能达到肌肤的表皮,而波长较长的UVA，会深入肌肤的深层，伤害肌肤的真皮层，而造成肌肤老化。   

The classification of ultraviolet rays includes UVA, UVB, UVC and UVD. Because of its short wavelength, UVC has been absorbed and scattered by the ozone layer in the atmosphere, so it cannot reach the ground. Among the three, the wavelength of UVB can only reach the skin's epidermis, while the longer wavelength UVA will go deep into the skin, damage the dermis of the skin and cause skin aging.

UVA波段，波长320～420nm，又称为长波黑斑效应紫外线 。它有很强的穿透力，可以穿透大部分透明的玻璃以及塑料。日光中含有的长波紫外线 有超过98%能穿透臭氧层和云层到达地球表面，UVA可以直达 肌肤的真皮层，破坏弹性纤维和胶原蛋白纤维，将我们的皮肤晒黑。360nm波长的UVA紫外线符合昆虫类的趋光性反应曲线，可制作诱虫灯。300-420nm波长的UVA紫外线可透过完全截止可见光的特殊着色玻璃灯管，仅辐射出以365nm为中心的近紫外光，可用于矿石鉴定、舞台装饰、验钞等场所。09年10月德、意科学家发现【虾青素】能有效地消除【紫外线UVA】对皮肤细胞的伤害 。

UVA band, wavelength 320 ~ 420nm, also known as long wave black spot effect ultraviolet. It has a strong penetration, can penetrate most transparent glass and plastic. More than 98% of the ultraviolet rays in sunlight can penetrate the ozone layer and clouds to reach the earth's surface. UVA can reach the dermis of the skin, destroy elastic fibers and collagen fibers, and Tan our skin. UVA ultraviolet at 360nm accords with the phototaxis response curve of insects, and can be used to make insect trap lamp. UVA ultraviolet light with wavelength of 300-420nm can pass through the special colored glass lamp which can completely cut off the visible light, and only radiate the near ultraviolet light with the center of 365 nm. It can be used in ore identification, stage decoration, banknote inspection and other places. In October 2009, German and Italian scientists found that astaxanthin can effectively eliminate the damage of ultraviolet UVA on skin cells.

UVB波段，波长275～320nm，又称为中波红斑效应紫外线 。中等穿透力，它的波长较短的部分会被透明玻璃吸收，日光中含有的中波紫外线大部分被臭氧层所吸收，只有不足2%能到达地球表面，在夏天和午后会特别强烈。UVB紫外线对人体具有红斑作用，能促进体内矿物质代谢和维生素D的形成，但长期或过量照射会令皮肤晒黑，并引起红肿脱皮。紫外线保健灯、植物生长灯发出的就是使用特殊透紫玻璃（不透过254nm以下的光）和峰值在300nm附近的荧光粉制成。

UVB band, wavelength 275-320nm, also known as medium wave erythema effect ultraviolet. Medium penetration, its shorter wavelength will be absorbed by transparent glass. Most of the UVB contained in sunlight is absorbed by the ozone layer, and less than 2% can reach the earth's surface, especially in summer and afternoon. UVB ultraviolet has erythema effect on human body, can promote mineral metabolism and vitamin D formation, but long-term or excessive irradiation will make skin tanned, and cause swelling and peeling. The ultraviolet health lamp and plant growth lamp are made of special transparent purple glass (not light below 254nm) and the fluorescent powder near the peak value of 300nm.

UVC波段，波长200～275nm，又称为短波灭菌紫外线。它的穿透能力最弱，无法穿透大部分的透明玻璃及塑料。日光中含有的短波紫外线几乎被臭氧层完全吸收。短波紫外线对人体的伤害很大，短时间照射即可灼伤皮肤，长期或高强度照射还会造成皮肤癌。紫外线杀菌灯发出的就是UVC短波紫外线。

UVC band, wavelength 200 ~ 275nm, also known as short wave sterilization ultraviolet. It has the weakest penetration ability and cannot penetrate most transparent glass and plastic. The short wave ultraviolet rays contained in sunlight are almost completely absorbed by the ozone layer. Short wave ultraviolet radiation is very harmful to human body. Short time irradiation can burn skin, and long-term or high-intensity irradiation can also cause skin cancer. Ultraviolet germicidal lamp sends out UVC short wave ultraviolet.

UVD波段，波长100～200nm，又称为真空紫外线。极易捕捉空气中的氧气，形成臭氧　。

UVD band, wavelength 100-200 nm, also known as vacuum ultraviolet. It is easy to capture oxygen in the air and form ozone.